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关于食物翻译的转载...

发表于:2008-08-24 04:31:40   点击: 239
对于Chinglish的了解主要在于写作上,翻译方面只看过一本书 ——《中式英语之鉴》Joan Pinkham 、姜桂华著,2000年,外语教学与研究出版社。

至于泡饭和粽子或者所有的菜名翻译,我自己的处理方法是从原料和做法上分析:

Translations on food's name:
Compiled by Steven Lee
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1)根据发音来翻译:馄饨 -- wonton (中国人吃的馄饨并不是字典上查到的 ravioli -- 意大利小方饺:一个小面卷,里面包有熟肉,奶酪等各种馅);

白菜-- bok choi http://www.asiafood.org/bokchoi.cfm

豆腐 -- tofu (日语发音);麻婆豆腐 -- 如果直译很恐怖 (tofu made by a girl with skin problem???),所以就可以翻译成 ma po tofu http://maindish.allrecipes.com/AZ/MPTf.asp
当然豆腐也叫 bean curd, 不过西方人都不怎么会说外语,当知道一个词的外语发音后都很想说一说炫耀一下,不论是汉语、法语还是日语,都是时髦人士所追求的

2) 很多时候真的不能严谨地直译,比如:鱼香肉丝 -- pork with with smell??? 肉闻起来向鱼那么腥。还有人敢吃吗?// 木耳 -- fungus??? 西方人看到fungus一词首先想到的是 香港脚、灰指甲等疾病

所以呢,rule No. 1 -- 中餐翻译要得体,往吃的东西上靠拢,那么木耳就可以翻译成 Chinese black mushroom http://allrecipes.com/advice/ref/ency/terms/5840.asp

3) 严谨不可以过分,那么浪漫是不是可以滥用呢? 请看例子 :皮蛋/松花蛋 -- one-thousand year old duck egg??? 骇人听闻 http://www.yfta.net/view.asp?xxid=253

说了这么多,也许大家要犯难了,严谨不对,浪漫也不行,那到底该怎么翻译呢?

就从下面这三个方面来考虑就可以了:
1. ways of cooking; 2. ways of cutting (菜的形态);3. ingredients

1.1 bake: 烘焙,烤,烧硬
baked sweet potato 烤红薯 (不是烤甜土豆)

1.2 roast: 烤,烘,烘烤
roast duck 烤鸭

1.3 boil 煮
boiled dumpling 水饺

1.4 steam 蒸
steamed dumpling 蒸饺; steamed bread/bun 馒头; steamed stuffed bun 包子 http://www.imeifoods.com/products/p14a.asp
1.5 stew 炖,焖,熬
beef and potato stewed 土豆炖牛肉;
1.6 pickle 腌,泡
stewed with pickled bok choi and Chinese noodle 酸菜炖粉条 (粉条:Chiese noodle// 宽粉细粉用broad, thin来形容;绿豆粉条-- Chiense mung bean noodle);
猪肉炖粉条 -- stewed with pork and Chinese noodle

1.7 braise 炖, 蒸, 红烧, 扒
braised pork chunks 红烧肉;braised duck 酱鸭

1.8 deep fried 油炸
deep fired chicken 炸鸡

1.9 pan fried // wok seared 煎
pancake 烙饼; Chinese pancake sandwich 煎饼果子
wok seared scallops 香煎干贝

平底锅 pan,壶 pot,圆底炒菜锅 wok (中文对英文的外来语)
1.10 stir fried 炒
stir fried tomato and egg 西红柿炒鸡蛋; 特例:kon pao chicken http://www.pandainn.com/foodMenu/foodMenu_main.asp

1.11 grill / barbecue 烤
本来barbecue一词指户外烧烤,但现在两词基本没有区别,Barbecued Lamb on Skewers 羊肉串
菜谱下载:http://www.themandarinhouse.com/dimsum.pdf

ways of cutting

2.1 whole 整只
美国人基本没见过整条的鱼,他们所吃的鱼已经在海上把肚子那块肉给剥了下来,然后冷冻起来,所以上到餐桌的绝对不是整条的鱼,他们也不太会吐鱼刺。
steamed whole fish 清蒸鱼;barbecue grilled whole lamb 烤全羊;roast whole baby pig 烤乳猪

2.2 steak 大块的肉

2.3 chunk 厚块
braised pork chunks 红烧肉

2.4 dice 切成方块
mah-jong麻将,掷骰子 -- roll the dice 可以解释宫保鸡丁 -- stir fried with diced chicken, beans, peanuts and hot pepper;炒三丁 stir fried with diced cucumber, pork and potato

2.5 sliced 薄片, 切片
stir fried with sliced pork and hot pepper 回锅肉;Pizza and pancake 甚至柠檬和西瓜切下来一块一块的都叫 slice

2.6 shredded 切碎的,切丝的
shredder 办公室里用的碎纸机;醋溜土豆丝 stir fried shredded potato with vinegar

2.7 minced 切成沫
stir fried with minced prok and Chinese thin noodle
2.8 skewer
Barbecued Lamb on Skewers 羊肉串
boiled skewers with everything/assorted in spicy soup 麻辣烫;soup with assorted sea food 什锦海鲜汤 (八宝锦绣什锦 -- assorted)

练习:
exotic meat sliced salad --夫妻肺片;Chinese broad noodle salad -- 凉皮
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吃完中餐吃西餐,吃西餐要注意哪些方面呢?

1) appetizer 开胃菜;bon appetite -- 祝你胃口好!(法语发音) ;appetizer 在西餐里是特例,一般西餐是个人点个人的,但开胃菜因其分量大所以通常用来分享,实用句型 would you like to share an appetizer with me?

2) 小菜 --soup or salad -- 一般而言,西餐的分量大所以在开胃菜、沙拉和汤之间是三选一,否则再吃主菜 main course 会吃不下
实用场景英语:a cup of soup 这样的汤会很稠,一般是用cracker(小饼干) 来蘸着吃,这一点中餐馆也有借鉴,用炸面条来配汤 fired noodle

* 沙拉酱(超市里面卖的白乎乎的东西 叫 mayonnaise) 不是用来做沙拉用的,真正用来放在沙拉里的调味料叫 salad dressing
实用句型:what kind of dressing would you like?

3) main course 主菜 // entree (法语发音)
端上来的时候是一个大盘子,一盘肉 (a piece of steak etc.),一盘土豆(mess potato// fried potato// sliced potato)
习语: steak and potato 豪爽,享受生活的人 e.g. This guy is a steak and potato man.

蔬菜(some vegetable) 一般是菠菜(spinach),而且是菠菜罐头,里面是泥状的菠菜,要加奶酪等下烤箱烤;当然还有豌豆和胡萝卜 (peas and carrots)
习语:peas and carrots 焦不离孟,形影不离
4) dessert 甜点
美国人最爱吃得甜食--pie (apple pie// sweet potato pie),很像中国人做饺子
习语:That's easy as a pie. 比喻简单之事。

另外,美国人实在是太爱甜食了,American has a sweet tooth. 以至于在形容爱人时都和甜食有关:sweetheart, sweetie

5) 在一般场合吃西餐的时候实际上是没有什么特定的规矩的, I paid, so I have absolutely right! 吃Pizza的时候上筷子或者上手都很正常!

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Commenting on food

1) It smells good/ looks great/ tastes delicous(yummy).
2) The sweet potato is the best that I've ever had!
3) Sichuan food is too hot for me. My mouth is burning!
4) This dish tastes kind of salty/ sour/ greasy/ stale.
(kind of: 有一点)
5) The soup is too plain/ heavily seasoned.
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Proposing/ making a toast

Formal:
1) May I propose a toast to our friendship and cooperation?
2) I'd like to propose a toast to our distinguished American guests.

Informal:
1) Let's drink to your promotion.
2) Here's to your health/ pleasant trip to Beijing/ a successful new year.

中国传统祝酒辞都是很华美的词句表达出美好的祝愿,比如:福如东海,寿比南山;心想事成,万事如意;恭喜发财,日金斗金等等。但是西方人祝酒不会说这么大的词,最经常的用语是 health &happiness

当然,和爱人亲友在一起烛光晚餐的时候不用祝健康,显得太正式,就说眼前的就好:
Here's to the beautiful night! // Here's to your dreamly eyes.

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Asking for check

(May I have the) Check, please. (-What's good here? -Check, please.)

我请:It's on me. / It's my treat. / Let me do the honor. / I'll get it this time. // I insist. //
分开付:Let's split it. // 两个人:Let's go 50/50. Let's go Dutch. (AA不是英文)

请大家:I'll take everybody for dinner tonight.
(Take sb. out for dinner. 要慎用,这表示说话人作东。如果只是表达想请人吃饭的意愿: Maybe we will go out for dinner sometime. I know a good place.)

注意:I'll treat you for dinner. 这句话的感情色彩有问题,慎用。

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